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Judging America's Best

Milk

How to Choose the Best

Nearly all milk today is both homogenized and pasteurized resulting in uniform quality across brands. More recently, several large-scale producers have committed themselves to producing milk free of growth hormones. Others are producing lines of milk that are organic, providing more options than ever for consumers.

Shelf Life and Storage

Even the highest grades of milk are extremely perishable, so it is important to continuously refrigerate milk to prevent spoilage. Most pasteurized milk has a shelf life five to seven days past the sell-by date on the carton if stored properly. Fresh milk has a primarily neutral aroma.

Freezing


Milk can be frozen for up to two months if the expiration date is approaching. Defrosted milk will separate slightly, so reserve it for cooking or baking.

Preparation Suggestions

Milk can be used in sauces and soups, and in desserts like pudding and ice cream. It is also a common ingredient in many baked goods, including muffins and other quick breads like pancakes. Milk is poured over breakfast cereal and is used to lighten coffee and tea.

Substitutions

Common substitutes for fresh milk include evaporated milk, reconstituted dry powdered milk, half and half and cream. In some applications buttermilk can also be substituted.

Origins

Sheep and goats were the first animals domesticated for dairy use around 10,000 years ago. The word dairy is derived from the medieval word “dey-ery,” a room for milking animals. A “dey,” or woman servant, made butter and cheese from the milk. Until recently, milk was neither pasteurized nor homogenized, and fresh milk had such character that tasters could tell the cow’s diet and the season.

Nutrition

Milk is a rich source of many essential nutrients, including protein, sugars, fats, vitamin A, the B vitamins and calcium.

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